Las personas lesbianas, gais, bisexuales y transgénero (LGBT) sufren discriminación por su orientación sexual o identidad de género, y presentan peores resultados en salud tanto mental como física en comparación con la población heterosexual y cisgénero. Existen barreras en el sistema sanitario que acrecientan estas desigualdades en salud.
Objetivo: Sintetizar la evidencia disponible sobre las intervenciones enfermeras dirigidas a la disminución de las desigualdades en salud en las personas LGBT.

Revisión sistemática en Cuiden, LILACS, PubMed, Dialnet, SciELO, Trip Database y Web of Science.
Se usaron las palabras clave “LGBT”, “enfermería” y “enfermeras”, además del descriptor "minorías sexuales y de género".
Los criterios de inclusión fueron: artículos publicados en los últimos 5 años que traten sobre las necesidades de salud específicas de las personas LGBT, sus percepciones y experiencias, o intervenciones enfermeras. Los criterios de exclusión fueron: revisiones bibliográficas y artículos no escritos en inglés, español, catalán o portugués.
Se evaluó la calidad metodológica usando PRISMA, STROBE y CASPe.
De los 381 registros obtenidos, se seleccionaron 16 artículos.

Las personas LGBT presentan un número elevado de problemas de salud mental, abuso de sustancias, comportamientos sexuales de riesgo, autolesión y suicidio. Estas conductas se relacionan con el estrés de minorías. Las personas LGBT verbalizan experiencias discriminatorias por parte de profesionales de la salud. Las enfermeras pueden llevar a cabo intervenciones como programas relacionados con educación sexual inclusiva, diversidad sexual y de género, y prevención del acoso escolar y del suicidio, así como brindar un cuidado basado en la afirmación de género y centrado en la familia. Se requiere que profesionales de la salud y estudiantes adquieran competencia cultural sobre la salud LGBT.

Las enfermeras pueden constituir una pieza clave para generar un cambio dirigido a disminuir las desigualdades en salud en la población LGBT y así lograr la equidad en salud.

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Kuzma, E. K., Graziano, C., Shea, E., Schaller, J., Franklin V, Pardee, M., & Darling-Fisher, C. S. (2019). Improving lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning health: Using a standardized patient experience to educate advanced practice nursing students. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 31(12), 714-722. https://doi.org/10.1097/JXX.0000000000000224.
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Leonard, W., & Mann, R. (2018). The everyday experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) people living with disability. La Trobe University. https://search.informit.org/documentSummary;res=APO;dn=193361.
Logie, C. H., Lys, C. L., Dias, L., Schott, N., Zouboules, M. R., Macneill, N., & Mackay, K. (2019). “Automatic assumption of your gender, sexuality and sexual practices is also discrimination”: Exploring sexual healthcare experiences and recommendations among sexually and gender diverse persons in Arctic Canada. Health & Social Care in the Community, 27(5), 1204-1213. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12757.
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Maruca, A. T., Diaz, D. A., Stockmann, C., & Gonzalez, L. (2018). Using simulation with nursing students to promote affirmative practice toward the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender population: A multisite study. Nursing Education Perspectives, 39(4), 225-229. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NEP.0000000000000302.
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McCann, E., & Brown, M. (2019). Education and practice developments: Addressing the psychosocial concerns and support needs of LGBT+ people. Nurse Education Today, 82, 15-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2019.08.008.
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LGBT, minorías sexuales y de género, enfermeras, enfermería, determinantes sociales de la salud, estrés de minorías.

La búsqueda se realizó entre el 1/4/2021 y el 9/4/2021.
No se incluye en otra línea de investigación más amplia.
Ha tenido evaluación externa, ya que el presente estudio se presentó como trabajo final de grado.
No ha tenido ningún tipo de financiación externa.